Howard Hathaway Aiken - Revision history

Smith2 at 18:22, 8 April 2025

2025-04-08T18:22:49Z

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	== Life ==		== Life ==
	'''Howard Hathaway Aiken''' was born on March 8, 1900 in Hoboken, New Jersey. He received a BS in electrical engineering at the University of Wisconsin, Madison in 1923. He worked at Madison Gas 1923-28; as general engineer, Westinghouse Electrical and Manufacturing Company 1928-31; and Line Material Company 1931-32. He earned MA (1937) and PhD (1939) degrees in physics at Harvard University.		'''Howard Hathaway Aiken''' was born on March 8, 1900 in Hoboken, New Jersey. He received a BS in electrical engineering at the University of Wisconsin, Madison in 1923. He worked at Madison Gas, 1923-28; as general engineer, Westinghouse Electrical and Manufacturing Company 1928-31; and Line Material Company 1931-32. He earned MA (1937) and PhD (1939) degrees in physics at Harvard University.

	Aiken began research on large-scale calculating machines with IBM in 1939. At Harvard University he was: Faculty instructor 1939-41; Associate Professor 1941-46; Professor 1946; Director of the Computation Laboratory from 1946-1961. He was a Professor of Information Technology at Miami University from 1961-1973, where he helped create a computer science program as well as a computing center. He founded Howard Aiken Industries Inc., a New York consulting firm, and died on March 14, 1973 in St Louis, Missouri.		Aiken began research on large-scale calculating machines with IBM in 1939. At Harvard University he was Faculty instructor 1939-41; Associate Professor 1941-46; Professor 1946; and Director of the Computation Laboratory from 1946-1961. During the Second World War Aiken was commissioned as a Commander in the United States Naval Reserve and served as officer-in-charge of the calculation project of the Navy Board of Ordnance. He was a Professor of Information Technology at Miami University from 1961-1973, where he helped create a computer science program as well as a computing center. He founded Howard Aiken Industries Inc., a New York consulting firm, and died on March 14, 1973 in St Louis, Missouri.

	== Contributions ==		== Contributions ==
	Howard Aiken is known for developing the IBM Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator or Harvard Mark I, conceived in 1937 and put into operation in 1944. Aiken began construction on the Mark II for the Dahlgreen Proving Ground of the Navy's Bureau of Ordnance in 1945. Unlike the Mark I, the Mark II was built with electromagnetic parts. The construction of Mark III was completed in 1950 and was called the Aiken Dahlgreen Electronic Computer (ADEC). The Mark IV was completed in 1952 for the US Air Force. He made significant contributions to the development of applications for the new machines and to the creation of a university curriculum for computer science. Aiken served as Editor of Annals of the Computation Laboratory of Harvard University.		Howard Aiken is known for developing the IBM Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator or Harvard Mark I, conceived in 1937 and put into operation in 1944. Aiken began construction on the Mark II for the Dahlgreen Proving Ground of the Navy's Bureau of Ordnance in 1945. Unlike the Mark I, the Mark II was built with electromagnetic parts. The construction of Mark III was completed in 1950 and was called the Aiken Dahlgreen Electronic Computer (ADEC). The Mark IV was completed in 1952 for the US Air Force. He made significant contributions to the development of applications for the new machines and to the creation of a university curriculum for computer science. Aiken served as Editor of ''Annals of the Computation Laboratory of Harvard University''.

	Aiken also completed work in mathematical linguistics, automatic translation, switching theory, and the use of magnetic cores and drums as computer components.		Aiken also completed work in mathematical linguistics, automatic translation, switching theory, and the use of magnetic cores and drums as computer components.

	== Publications ==		== Publications ==
			A selective bibliography of Aiken's publications is in the ''Communications of the ACM'' 5, no 6 (1962): 359. Google Scholar lists publications by and about Aiken. [https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Howard+H.+Aiken]

			*"The automatic sequence controlled calculator — I [II, III]." With G. M. Hopper. ''Electrical Engineering'' 65, no. 8-9 (1946): 384-391; no 10: 449-454; & no 11: 522-528.
			*''Synthesis of Electronic Computing and Control Circuits''. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1951.

	== Awards ==		== Awards ==
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	*"Howard H. Aiken." ''Wikipedia'' [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howard_H._Aiken]		*"Howard H. Aiken." ''Wikipedia'' [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howard_H._Aiken]
	*Obituary. ''The New York Times'' (March 16, 1973): 44.		*Obituary. ''The New York Times'' (March 16, 1973): 44.
			*Cohen, I. Bernard. "Howard H. Aiken and the computer." In: ''A history of scientific computing'' , pp. 41-52. 1990.
	*Cohen, I. Bernard. ''Howard Aiken : portrait of a computer pioneer.'' Cambridge, MA : MIT Press, 1999.		*Cohen, I. Bernard. ''Howard Aiken : portrait of a computer pioneer.'' Cambridge, MA : MIT Press, 1999.
			*''Makin' numbers : Howard Aiken and the computer''. Ed. by I. B. Cohen & G. W. Welch. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1999.
			*Oettinger, Anthony. "Retiring Computer Pioneer - Howard Aiken." ''Communications of ACM'' 5, no 6 (1962): 298-299. [https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/367766.367776]
	*Strawn, George. "Howard Aiken: Mastermind of the Harvard Mark Computers." ''IT professional'' 21, no 6 (Nov. 2019): 66-68.		*Strawn, George. "Howard Aiken: Mastermind of the Harvard Mark Computers." ''IT professional'' 21, no 6 (Nov. 2019): 66-68.

	== Papers ==		== Papers ==
	*Harvard University Archives. Records of the Computation Laboratory, 1944-1961. Contains correspondence of H.H. Aiken, Director of the Laboratory. [https://id.lib.harvard.edu/alma/990006047800203941/catalog]		*Harvard University Archives. Records of the Computation Laboratory, 1944-1961. Contains correspondence of H.H. Aiken, Director of the Laboratory. [https://id.lib.harvard.edu/alma/990006047800203941/catalog]

Smith2 at 14:50, 8 April 2025

2025-04-08T14:50:24Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:50, 8 April 2025
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	== Contributions ==		== Contributions ==
	Howard Aiken is known for developing the IBM Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator or Harvard Mark I, conceived in 1937 and put into operation in 1944. Aiken began construction on the Mark II for the Dahlgreen Proving Ground of the Navy's Bureau of Ordnance in 1945. Unlike the Mark I, the Mark II was built with electromagnetic parts. The construction of Mark III was completed in 1950 and was called the Aiken Dahlgreen Electronic Computer (ADEC). The Mark IV was completed in 1952 for the US Air Force. He made significant contributions to the development of applications for the new machines and to the creation of a university curriculum for computer science.		Howard Aiken is known for developing the IBM Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator or Harvard Mark I, conceived in 1937 and put into operation in 1944. Aiken began construction on the Mark II for the Dahlgreen Proving Ground of the Navy's Bureau of Ordnance in 1945. Unlike the Mark I, the Mark II was built with electromagnetic parts. The construction of Mark III was completed in 1950 and was called the Aiken Dahlgreen Electronic Computer (ADEC). The Mark IV was completed in 1952 for the US Air Force. He made significant contributions to the development of applications for the new machines and to the creation of a university curriculum for computer science. Aiken served as Editor of Annals of the Computation Laboratory of Harvard University.

	Aiken also completed work in mathematical linguistics, automatic translation, switching theory, and the use of magnetic cores and drums as computer components.		Aiken also completed work in mathematical linguistics, automatic translation, switching theory, and the use of magnetic cores and drums as computer components.

			== Publications ==

			== Awards ==
	== ~~Publications~~ ==		Ralph E. Hackett Award for Science (1954); Navy Distinguished Public Service Award (1955), Air Force Decoration for Exceptional Civilian Service (1957); University of Wisconsin Testimonial of Eminent Professional Service (1958); IEEE Computer Society Pioneer Award (1980)
	~~Aiken served as Editor of Annals~~ of ~~the Computation Laboratory~~ of ~~Harvard University.~~

	== Further reading ==		== Further reading ==
	*"Howard H. Aiken." ''Wikipedia'' [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howard_H._Aiken]		*"Howard H. Aiken." ''Wikipedia'' [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howard_H._Aiken]
	*Obituary. ''The New York Times'' (March 16, 1973): 44.		*Obituary. ''The New York Times'' (March 16, 1973): 44.
	*Cohen, I. Bernard. ''Howard Aiken : portrait of a computer pioneer.'' Cambridge, MA : MIT Press, ~~c1999~~.		*Cohen, I. Bernard. ''Howard Aiken : portrait of a computer pioneer.'' Cambridge, MA : MIT Press, 1999.
	*Strawn, George. "Howard Aiken: Mastermind of the Harvard Mark Computers." ''IT professional'' 21, no 6 (Nov. 2019): 66-68.		*Strawn, George. "Howard Aiken: Mastermind of the Harvard Mark Computers." ''IT professional'' 21, no 6 (Nov. 2019): 66-68.

	~~== Awards ==~~
	Ralph E. Hackett Award for Science (1954); Navy Distinguished Public Service Award (1955), Air Force Decoration for Exceptional Civilian Service (1957); University of Wisconsin Testimonial of Eminent Professional Service (1958); IEEE Computer Society Pioneer Award (1980)

	== Papers ==		== Papers ==
	~~'''LOCATION #1:'''~~ Harvard University Archives		*Harvard University Archives. Records of the Computation Laboratory, 1944-1961. Contains correspondence of H.H. Aiken, Director of the Laboratory. [https://id.lib.harvard.edu/alma/990006047800203941/catalog]

	*'''PAPERS DATES:''' 1944-1961
	*'''SIZE:''' 13 containers
	*'''INCLUDES:''' Records of the computation laboratory. Contains correspondence of H.H. Aiken, Director of the Laboratory~~, and correspondence, 1955-1958, of the Assistant Director, Warren Semon. Also forms and other items~~.
	*'''SOURCE:''' Harvard University Online Catalog: https://id.lib.harvard.edu/alma/990006047800203941/catalog


	~~'''LOCATION #2:''' Harvard University Archives~~

	*'''PAPERS DATES:''' 1937
	*'''SIZE:''' 1 manuscript; 2 pamphlet binders
	*'''INCLUDES:''' Consists of multigraph copy concerning proposed automatic calculating machine with annotations.
	*'''SOURCE:''' Harvard University Online Catalog: http://id.lib.harvard.edu/alma/990006044700203941/catalog

Smith2: Re-formatted and initial revision.

2025-04-08T14:42:32Z

Re-formatted and initial revision.

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:42, 8 April 2025
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			'''Howard Hathaway Aiken''' (1900-1973) was a US pioneer of computing.
	[[File:Howard Aiken.jpg\|alt=Howard Aiken \|thumb\|Howard Aiken]]		[[File:Howard Aiken.jpg\|alt=Howard Aiken \|thumb\|Howard Aiken]]
	Howard Aiken (1900-1973) completed new work/findings in mathematical linguistics, the automatic translation of languages, switching theory, and the use of magnetic cores and drums as computer components.


	== Life ==		== Life ==
	Aiken worked at: Madison Gas 1923-28; ~~General~~ engineer, Westinghouse Electrical and Manufacturing Company 1928-31; Line Material Company 1931-32. ~~Aiken~~ earned ~~a Bachelor's degree from the University of Wisconsin in 1923, Master's degree from Harvard University~~ in physics ~~in 1937, and a doctorate from~~ Harvard University ~~in physics in 1939~~.		'''Howard Hathaway Aiken''' was born on March 8, 1900 in Hoboken, New Jersey. He received a BS in electrical engineering at the University of Wisconsin, Madison in 1923. He worked at Madison Gas 1923-28; as general engineer, Westinghouse Electrical and Manufacturing Company 1928-31; and Line Material Company 1931-32. He earned MA (1937) and PhD (1939) degrees in physics at Harvard University.

	Aiken~~'s obituary can be found at Howard H~~. ~~Aiken, built computer~~: ~~Developer~~ of the ~~Mark I dies~~--~~Was Harvard professor. (~~1973, ~~Mar~~. ~~16)~~. ~~''The~~ New York ~~Times''~~, 44.		Aiken began research on large-scale calculating machines with IBM in 1939. At Harvard University he was: Faculty instructor 1939-41; Associate Professor 1941-46; Professor 1946; Director of the Computation Laboratory from 1946-1961. He was a Professor of Information Technology at Miami University from 1961-1973, where he helped create a computer science program as well as a computing center. He founded Howard Aiken Industries Inc., a New York consulting firm, and died on March 14, 1973 in St Louis, Missouri.

	== Contributions ==		== Contributions ==
	Aiken ~~wanted to created an automatic calculating machine which could handle most mathematical functions~~. He began ~~research~~ on ~~large-scale calculating machines~~ with ~~IBM~~ in ~~1939~~. ~~At Harvard University he~~ was~~: Faculty instructor 1939-41; Associate Professor 1941-46; Professor 1946; Director of~~ the ~~Computation Laboratory from 1946-1961~~. He ~~was~~ a ~~Professor of Information Technology at Miami University from 1961-1973~~.		Howard Aiken is known for developing the IBM Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator or Harvard Mark I, conceived in 1937 and put into operation in 1944. Aiken began construction on the Mark II for the Dahlgreen Proving Ground of the Navy's Bureau of Ordnance in 1945. Unlike the Mark I, the Mark II was built with electromagnetic parts. The construction of Mark III was completed in 1950 and was called the Aiken Dahlgreen Electronic Computer (ADEC). The Mark IV was completed in 1952 for the US Air Force. He made significant contributions to the development of applications for the new machines and to the creation of a university curriculum for computer science.

	He completed ~~the Mark I~~ in ~~1944. The Mark I was different from Bush's differential analyzer~~, ~~because it could solve almost all mathematical problems. (Bush's machine only solved differential equations.) Mark I was important~~, since it was available to people outside of the government. Mark I was electromechanical rather than electronic. Aiken began construction on the Mark II for the Dahlgreen Proving Ground of the Navy's Bureau of Ordnance in 1945. Unlike the Mark I, the ~~Mark II was built with electromagnetic parts. The construction~~ of ~~Mark III was completed in 1950~~ and ~~was called the Aiken Dahlgreen Electronic Computer (ADEC). The Mark IV was completed in 1952 for the US Air Force. Aiken also helped create a~~ computer ~~science program as well as a computing center at the University of Miami. He founded Howard Aiken Industries Inc., a New York consulting firm~~.		Aiken also completed work in mathematical linguistics, automatic translation, switching theory, and the use of magnetic cores and drums as computer components.

	~~'''AWARDS:'''~~

	Ralph E. Hackett Award for Science (1954); Navy Distinguished Public Service Award (1955), Air Force Decoration for Exceptional Civilian Service (1957); University of Wisconsin Testimonial of Eminent Professional Service (1958); IEEE Computer Society Pioneer Award (1980)

	== ~~Selected~~ Publications ==		== Publications ==
	Aiken served as Editor of Annals of the Computation Laboratory of Harvard University.		Aiken served as Editor of Annals of the Computation Laboratory of Harvard University.

			== Further reading ==
			*"Howard H. Aiken." ''Wikipedia'' [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howard_H._Aiken]
			*Obituary. ''The New York Times'' (March 16, 1973): 44.
			*Cohen, I. Bernard. ''Howard Aiken : portrait of a computer pioneer.'' Cambridge, MA : MIT Press, c1999.
			*Strawn, George. "Howard Aiken: Mastermind of the Harvard Mark Computers." ''IT professional'' 21, no 6 (Nov. 2019): 66-68.

			== Awards ==
			Ralph E. Hackett Award for Science (1954); Navy Distinguished Public Service Award (1955), Air Force Decoration for Exceptional Civilian Service (1957); University of Wisconsin Testimonial of Eminent Professional Service (1958); IEEE Computer Society Pioneer Award (1980)

	== Papers ==		== Papers ==

Amandashelton: Updated papers info; Added info for additional papers

2023-09-18T21:03:30Z

Updated papers info; Added info for additional papers

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:03, 18 September 2023
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	== Selected Publications ==		== Selected Publications ==
	Aiken served as Editor of Annals of the Computation Laboratory of Harvard University		Aiken served as Editor of Annals of the Computation Laboratory of Harvard University.

	== Papers ==		== Papers ==
	'''LOCATION #1:''' Harvard University ~~Library, Special Collections.~~		'''LOCATION #1:''' Harvard University Archives

	* '''PAPERS DATES:''' 1937.		*'''PAPERS DATES:''' 1944-1961
	* '''SIZE:'''1 manuscript.		*'''SIZE:''' 13 containers
	* '''INCLUDES:''' ~~Multigraph~~ copy ~~of a 1930 paper on a~~ proposed calculating machine.		*'''INCLUDES:''' Records of the computation laboratory. Contains correspondence of H.H. Aiken, Director of the Laboratory, and correspondence, 1955-1958, of the Assistant Director, Warren Semon. Also forms and other items.
	* '''SOURCE:''' Harvard University Online Catalog.		*'''SOURCE:''' Harvard University Online Catalog: https://id.lib.harvard.edu/alma/990006047800203941/catalog


			'''LOCATION #2:''' Harvard University Archives

			*'''PAPERS DATES:''' 1937
			*'''SIZE:''' 1 manuscript; 2 pamphlet binders
			*'''INCLUDES:''' Consists of multigraph copy concerning proposed automatic calculating machine with annotations.
			*'''SOURCE:''' Harvard University Online Catalog: http://id.lib.harvard.edu/alma/990006044700203941/catalog

Amandashelton at 20:50, 18 September 2023

2023-09-18T20:50:26Z

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	== Selected Publications ==		== Selected Publications ==
	He served as Editor of Annals of the Computation Laboratory of Harvard University		Aiken served as Editor of Annals of the Computation Laboratory of Harvard University

	== Papers ==		== Papers ==

Amandashelton: Added IEEE award

2023-09-18T20:49:45Z

Added IEEE award

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	'''AWARDS:'''		'''AWARDS:'''

	Ralph E. Hackett Award for Science (1954); Navy Distinguished Public Service Award (1955), Air Force Decoration for Exceptional Civilian Service (1957); University of Wisconsin Testimonial of Eminent Professional Service (1958)		Ralph E. Hackett Award for Science (1954); Navy Distinguished Public Service Award (1955), Air Force Decoration for Exceptional Civilian Service (1957); University of Wisconsin Testimonial of Eminent Professional Service (1958); IEEE Computer Society Pioneer Award (1980)

	== Selected Publications ==		== Selected Publications ==

Amandashelton: Added awards section; added info and link to obituary; added info regarding bachelor's degree

2023-09-18T20:45:20Z

Added awards section; added info and link to obituary; added info regarding bachelor's degree

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:45, 18 September 2023
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	== Life ==		== Life ==
	Aiken worked at: Madison Gas 1923-28; General engineer, Westinghouse Electrical and Manufacturing Company 1928-31; Line Material Company 1931-32. Aiken earned a Master's degree from Harvard University in physics in 1937 and doctorate in physics in 1939.		Aiken worked at: Madison Gas 1923-28; General engineer, Westinghouse Electrical and Manufacturing Company 1928-31; Line Material Company 1931-32. Aiken earned a Bachelor's degree from the University of Wisconsin in 1923, Master's degree from Harvard University in physics in 1937, and a doctorate from Harvard University in physics in 1939.

			Aiken's obituary can be found at Howard H. Aiken, built computer: Developer of the Mark I dies--Was Harvard professor. (1973, Mar. 16). ''The New York Times'', 44.

	== Contributions ==		== Contributions ==
	Aiken wanted to created an automatic calculating machine which could handle most mathematical functions. He began research on large-scale calculating machines with IBM in 1939. At Harvard University he was: Faculty instructor 1939-41; Associate Professor 1941-46; Professor 1946~~. He was~~ Director of the Computation Laboratory from ~~1947~~-1961. He was a Professor of Information Technology at Miami University from 1961-1973.		Aiken wanted to created an automatic calculating machine which could handle most mathematical functions. He began research on large-scale calculating machines with IBM in 1939. At Harvard University he was: Faculty instructor 1939-41; Associate Professor 1941-46; Professor 1946; Director of the Computation Laboratory from 1946-1961. He was a Professor of Information Technology at Miami University from 1961-1973.

	He completed the Mark I in 1944. The Mark I was different from Bush's differential analyzer, because it could solve almost all mathematical problems. (Bush's machine only solved differential equations.) Mark I was important, since it was available to people outside of the government. Mark I was electromechanical rather than electronic. Aiken began construction on the Mark II for the Dahlgreen Proving Ground of the Navy's Bureau of Ordnance in 1945. Unlike the Mark I, the Mark II was built with electromagnetic parts. The construction of Mark III was completed in 1950 and was called the Aiken Dahlgreen Electronic Computer (ADEC). The Mark IV was completed in 1952 for the US Air Force. Aiken also helped create a computer science program as well as a computing center at the University of Miami. He founded Howard Aiken Industries Inc., a New York consulting firm.		He completed the Mark I in 1944. The Mark I was different from Bush's differential analyzer, because it could solve almost all mathematical problems. (Bush's machine only solved differential equations.) Mark I was important, since it was available to people outside of the government. Mark I was electromechanical rather than electronic. Aiken began construction on the Mark II for the Dahlgreen Proving Ground of the Navy's Bureau of Ordnance in 1945. Unlike the Mark I, the Mark II was built with electromagnetic parts. The construction of Mark III was completed in 1950 and was called the Aiken Dahlgreen Electronic Computer (ADEC). The Mark IV was completed in 1952 for the US Air Force. Aiken also helped create a computer science program as well as a computing center at the University of Miami. He founded Howard Aiken Industries Inc., a New York consulting firm.

			'''AWARDS:'''

			Ralph E. Hackett Award for Science (1954); Navy Distinguished Public Service Award (1955), Air Force Decoration for Exceptional Civilian Service (1957); University of Wisconsin Testimonial of Eminent Professional Service (1958)

	== Selected Publications ==		== Selected Publications ==
	He served as Editor of Annals of the Computation Laboratory.		He served as Editor of Annals of the Computation Laboratory of Harvard University

	== Papers ==		== Papers ==

Amandashelton: Corrected typos/grammatical issues

2023-09-18T20:16:45Z

Corrected typos/grammatical issues

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:16, 18 September 2023
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	== Life ==		== Life ==
	Aiken worked at: Madison Gas 1923-28; General engineer, Westinghouse Electrical and Manufacturing Company 1928-31; Line Material Company 1931-32. Aiken earned a Master's degree from Harvard University in physics 1937 and doctorate in physics 1939.		Aiken worked at: Madison Gas 1923-28; General engineer, Westinghouse Electrical and Manufacturing Company 1928-31; Line Material Company 1931-32. Aiken earned a Master's degree from Harvard University in physics in 1937 and doctorate in physics in 1939.

	== Contributions ==		== Contributions ==
	Aiken wanted to created an automatic calculating machine which could handle most mathematical functions. He began research on large-scale calculating ~~machine~~ with IBM in 1939. At Harvard University he was: Faculty instructor 1939-41; Associate Professor 1941-46; Professor 1946. He was Director of Computation Laboratory from 1947-1961. He was a Professor of Information Technology at Miami University 1961-1973.		Aiken wanted to created an automatic calculating machine which could handle most mathematical functions. He began research on large-scale calculating machines with IBM in 1939. At Harvard University he was: Faculty instructor 1939-41; Associate Professor 1941-46; Professor 1946. He was Director of the Computation Laboratory from 1947-1961. He was a Professor of Information Technology at Miami University from 1961-1973.

	He completed the Mark I in 1944. The Mark I was different from Bush's differential analyzer, because it could solve almost all mathematical problems. (Bush's machine only solved differential equations.) Mark I was important, since it was available to people outside of the government. Mark I was electromechanical rather than electronic. Aiken began construction on the Mark II for the Dahlgreen Proving Ground of the Navy's Bureau of Ordnance in 1945. Unlike the Mark I, the Mark II was built with electromagnetic parts. The construction of Mark III completed in 1950 and was called the Aiken Dahlgreen Electronic Computer (ADEC). The Mark IV was completed in 1952 for the US Air Force. Aiken also helped create a computer science program as well as a computing center at University of Miami. He founded Howard Aiken Industries Inc., a New York consulting firm.		He completed the Mark I in 1944. The Mark I was different from Bush's differential analyzer, because it could solve almost all mathematical problems. (Bush's machine only solved differential equations.) Mark I was important, since it was available to people outside of the government. Mark I was electromechanical rather than electronic. Aiken began construction on the Mark II for the Dahlgreen Proving Ground of the Navy's Bureau of Ordnance in 1945. Unlike the Mark I, the Mark II was built with electromagnetic parts. The construction of Mark III was completed in 1950 and was called the Aiken Dahlgreen Electronic Computer (ADEC). The Mark IV was completed in 1952 for the US Air Force. Aiken also helped create a computer science program as well as a computing center at the University of Miami. He founded Howard Aiken Industries Inc., a New York consulting firm.

	== Selected Publications ==		== Selected Publications ==

Egha9: formatted; added picture

2023-04-21T20:28:27Z

formatted; added picture

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:28, 21 April 2023
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	[[File:Howard Aiken.jpg\|alt=Howard Aiken \|thumb\|Howard Aiken]]		[[File:Howard Aiken.jpg\|alt=Howard Aiken \|thumb\|Howard Aiken]]
	~~'''DATES:'''~~		Howard Aiken (1900-1973) completed new work/findings in mathematical linguistics, the automatic translation of languages, switching theory, and the use of magnetic cores and drums as computer components.

	~~1900-1973~~		== Life ==
	---~~-'''WORKED AT:''~~'		Aiken worked at: Madison Gas 1923-28; General engineer, Westinghouse Electrical and Manufacturing Company 1928-31; Line Material Company 1931-32. Aiken earned a Master's degree from Harvard University in physics 1937 and doctorate in physics 1939.

	Harvard; Computation Laboratory; Miami University		== Contributions ==
	-~~---'''OTHER INFORMATION:'''~~		Aiken wanted to created an automatic calculating machine which could handle most mathematical functions. He began research on large-scale calculating machine with IBM in 1939. At Harvard University he was: Faculty instructor 1939-41; Associate Professor 1941-46; Professor 1946. He was Director of Computation Laboratory from 1947-1961. He was a Professor of Information Technology at Miami University 1961-1973.

	~~Aiken worked at: Madison Gas 1923-28; General engineer~~, ~~Westinghouse Electrical and Manufacturing Company 1928-31; Line Material Company 1931-32; Harvard University Master~~'s ~~degree in physics 1937 and doctorate in physics 1939~~. ~~He wanted~~ to ~~created an automatic calculating machine which could handle most mathematical functions~~. He began ~~research~~ on ~~large-scale calculating machine with IBM~~ in ~~1939~~. ~~At Harvard University he~~ was~~: Faculty instructor 1939-41; Associate Professor 1941-46; Professor 1946~~. He was ~~Director of Computation Laboratory from 1947-1961~~. He was a ~~Professor~~ of ~~Information Technology at~~ Miami ~~University 1961-1973~~.		He completed the Mark I in 1944. The Mark I was different from Bush's differential analyzer, because it could solve almost all mathematical problems. (Bush's machine only solved differential equations.) Mark I was important, since it was available to people outside of the government. Mark I was electromechanical rather than electronic. Aiken began construction on the Mark II for the Dahlgreen Proving Ground of the Navy's Bureau of Ordnance in 1945. Unlike the Mark I, the Mark II was built with electromagnetic parts. The construction of Mark III completed in 1950 and was called the Aiken Dahlgreen Electronic Computer (ADEC). The Mark IV was completed in 1952 for the US Air Force. Aiken also helped create a computer science program as well as a computing center at University of Miami. He founded Howard Aiken Industries Inc., a New York consulting firm.

	He completed the Mark I in 1944. The Mark I was different from Bush's differential analyzer, because it could solve almost all mathematical problems. (Bush's machine only solved differential equations.) Mark I was important, since it was available to people outside of the ~~government. Mark I was electromechanical rather than electronic~~.		== Selected Publications ==
			He served as Editor of Annals of the Computation Laboratory.

	~~At the Computation Laboratory~~, Aiken completed new work/findings in mathematical linguistics, the automatic translation of languages, switching theory, and the use of magnetic cores and drums as computer components. He served as Editor of Annals of the Computation Laboratory.		== Papers ==
			'''LOCATION #1:''' Harvard University Library, Special Collections.

	He began construction on the Mark II for the Dahlgreen Proving Ground of the Navy's Bureau of Ordnance in 1945. Unlike the Mark I, the Mark II was built with electromagnetic parts. The construction of Mark III completed in 1950 and was called the Aiken Dahlgreen Electronic Computer (ADEC). The Mark IV was completed in 1952 for the US Air Force. Aiken also helped create a computer science program as well as a computing center at University of Miami. He founded Howard Aiken Industries Inc., a New York consulting firm.		* '''PAPERS DATES:''' 1937.
	~~----'''PAPERS AT:'''~~		* '''SIZE:'''1 manuscript.
			* '''INCLUDES:''' Multigraph copy of a 1930 paper on a proposed calculating machine.
	~~'''LOCATION #1'''~~		* '''SOURCE:''' Harvard University Online Catalog.

	~~Harvard University Library, Special Collections.~~

	'''PAPERS DATES:'''

	1937.

	'''SIZE:'''

	1 manuscript.

	'''INCLUDES:'''

	Multigraph copy of a 1930 paper on a proposed calculating machine.

	'''SOURCE:'''

	Harvard University Online Catalog.

Egha9: Changed protection settings for "Howard Hathaway Aiken" ([Edit=Allow only autoconfirmed users] (indefinite) [Move=Allow only autoconfirmed users] (indefinite))

2023-04-21T19:27:58Z

Changed protection settings for "Howard Hathaway Aiken" ([Edit=Allow only autoconfirmed users] (indefinite) [Move=Allow only autoconfirmed users] (indefinite))

← Older revision	Revision as of 15:27, 21 April 2023
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