John Shaw Billings - Revision history

Smith2: /* Further reading */

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Further reading

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	*''John Shaw Billings centennial''. National Library of Medicine, 1965. [https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/001760429]		*''John Shaw Billings centennial''. National Library of Medicine, 1965. [https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/001760429]
	*Dain, Phyllis. "Billings, John Shaw (1838-1913)." ''Dictionary of American library biography'', ed. by Bohdan S. Wynar. Littleton, CO: Libraries Unlimited, 1978, pp 25-31. Cites further reading in detail.		*Dain, Phyllis. "Billings, John Shaw (1838-1913)." ''Dictionary of American library biography'', ed. by Bohdan S. Wynar. Littleton, CO: Libraries Unlimited, 1978, pp 25-31. Cites further reading in detail.
	*[[Fielding Hudson Garrison\|Garrison, Fielding H.]] ''John Shaw Billings, a memoir.'' New York: Putnam, 1915. Includes material by and about Billings.		*[[Fielding Hudson Garrison\|Garrison, Fielding H.]] ''John Shaw Billings, a memoir.'' New York: Putnam, 1915. Includes material by and about Billings.
			*Brodman, Estelle. ''The development of medical bibliography''. [Washington, DC] : Medical Library Association, 1954, esp. pp 105-127. [https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/001173664]
	*Lydenberg, Harry M. ''John Shaw Billings.'' Chicago: American Library Association, 1924.		*Lydenberg, Harry M. ''John Shaw Billings.'' Chicago: American Library Association, 1924.
	See also works on the history of the National Library of Medicine and the New York Public Library.		See also works on the history of the National Library of Medicine and the New York Public Library.

Smith2: /* Papers */

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Papers

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	Numerous sources are listed by SNAC [https://snaccooperative.org/view/59452313]		Numerous sources are listed by SNAC [https://snaccooperative.org/view/59452313]
	*National Library of Medicine, History of Medicine Division, Bethesda, MD. [https://findingaids.nlm.nih.gov/repositories/ammp/resources/billings81]		*National Library of Medicine, History of Medicine Division, Bethesda, MD. [https://findingaids.nlm.nih.gov/repositories/ammp/resources/billings81]
	*New York Public Library. John Shaw Billings papers, 1862-1913. MssCol 304. [ ~~John Shaw Billings papers~~		*New York Public Library. John Shaw Billings papers, 1862-1913. MssCol 304. [https://archives.nypl.org/mss/304]
	~~1862-1913~~]

Smith2: /* Contributions */

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Contributions

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	Billings supervised the compilation of statistics for the U.S. Censuses of 1880 and 1890. He influenced Hollerith in the development of punched card system using mechanical methods of calculation of vital statistics which were successfully used in the Census of 1890.		Billings supervised the compilation of statistics for the U.S. Censuses of 1880 and 1890. He influenced Hollerith in the development of punched card system using mechanical methods of calculation of vital statistics which were successfully used in the Census of 1890.

	Billing's plan was used when constructing the New York Public Library. While the library was being built, Billings headed the reclassification and recataloging of the books from the Astor, Lenox, and Tilden Foundations which were consolidated in 1895 to form the New York Public Library. He persuaded Carnegie to give $5 million to help fund the establishment of this library and its branches. ~~For additional biographical information on Shaw, see: https://web.archive.org/web/20080704060023/http://www.medlib.iupui.edu/hom/billings.html~~		Billing's plan was used when constructing the New York Public Library. While the library was being built, Billings headed the reclassification and recataloging of the books from the Astor, Lenox, and Tilden Foundations which were consolidated in 1895 to form the New York Public Library. He persuaded Carnegie to give $5 million to help fund the establishment of this library and its branches.

			Billings was Vice-chairman of the National Board of Health, 1878 and President of the American Public Health Association, 1879.

	~~hospital construction plans, hospital administration and ''Index Medicus''~~



	~~'''OFFICES:'''~~

	~~National Board of Health, Vice-chairman 1878; American Public Health Association, Pres. 1879.~~
	== Publications ==		== Publications ==
	*''Selected papers of John Shaw Billings, combined with a life of Billings.'' Comp. by [[Frank Bradway Rogers]]. Medical Library Association, 1965.		*''Selected papers of John Shaw Billings, combined with a life of Billings.'' Comp. by [[Frank Bradway Rogers]]. Medical Library Association, 1965.

Smith2 at 20:09, 1 February 2025

2025-02-01T20:09:54Z

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	[[File:Jsbillings-usa-photo.jpg\|thumb\|John Shaw Billings]]		[[File:Jsbillings-usa-photo.jpg\|thumb\|John Shaw Billings]]
	John Shaw Billings (1838-1913) supervised the compilation of statistics for the U.S. Censuses of 1880 and 1890. He influenced Hollerith in the development of punched card system using mechanical methods of calculation of vital statistics which were successfully used in the Census of 1890. Billing's plan was ~~used when constructing the New York Public Library. While the library was being built~~, ~~Billings headed the reclassification and recataloging of the books from the Astor, Lenox~~, and Tilden Foundations which were consolidated in 1895 to form the New York Public Library. He persuaded Carnegie to give $5 million to help fund the establishment of this library and its branches. For additional biographical information on Shaw, see: https://web.archive.org/web/20080704060023/http://www.medlib.iupui.edu/hom/billings.~~html~~		'''John Shaw Billings''' (1838 – 1913) was an American surgeon, librarian, and building designer.

	== Life ==		== Life ==
	Billings ~~worked~~ at~~: Anatomy Faculty~~, ~~Medical College of~~ Ohio ~~1860-1861; U~~.~~S. Army: In-hospital service as surgeon and medical statistician 1862-64; In charge of library of the surgeon-general~~'s ~~office 1865-1883; Curator of~~ Medical ~~Museum and Library 1884-1895; University~~ of ~~Pennsylvania: Hygiene Faculty 1891; Director~~, University ~~Hospital 1893-1896; Director, New York Public Library 1896-1913; Chairman, Board~~ of ~~Directors~~, ~~Carnegie Institution 1905~~-~~1913~~.		'''John Shaw Billings''' was born on April 12, 1838, in Allensville, IN. He studied at Miami University in Oxford, Ohio and graduated in 1857. He then studied at Cincinnati's Medical College of Ohio, later named the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and received his medical degree in 1860 with a thesis on the surgical treatment of epilepsy, and taught there 1860-1861.

			Billings was in hospital service as surgeon and medical statistician in the US Army, 1862-1864 and in charge of library of the surgeon-general's office 1865-1883; Curator of Medical Museum and Library 1884-1895. He served on the Hygiene Faculty, University of Pennsylvania, 1891 and Director of the University Hospital 1893-1896. Billings was Director of the New York Public Library, 1896-1913, and Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Carnegie Institution 1905-1913.

			He died on March 11, 1913.

			== Contributions ==
	While he was in medical school and working on his thesis, Billings realized the need for a great medical library and the need for a comprehensive catalog and index of books, periodicals, journals, etc. He increased the size of the surgeon-general's library from 600 volumes in 1865 to 50,000 in 1873. He began ''Index Medicus'', a monthly guide to current medical literature, with Robert Fletcher in 1880. It included 16 volumes by the time Billings retired from the library in 1895.		While he was in medical school and working on his thesis, Billings realized the need for a great medical library and the need for a comprehensive catalog and index of books, periodicals, journals, etc. He increased the size of the surgeon-general's library from 600 volumes in 1865 to 50,000 in 1873. He began ''Index Medicus'', a monthly guide to current medical literature, with Robert Fletcher in 1880. It included 16 volumes by the time Billings retired from the library in 1895.

	In 1873, he drafted plans for organization and construction of Johns Hopkins University Hospital and recommended the pavilion plan for the construction of the hospital. This type of plan was soon used across the country. Billings wrote many reports dealing with hospital administration and the training of hospital personnel. He served as medical adviser to the Hopkins estate trustees in which he played an important role in determining the organization, philosophy, and faculty of the Johns Hopkins Medical School.		In 1873, he drafted plans for organization and construction of Johns Hopkins University Hospital and recommended the pavilion plan for the construction of the hospital. This type of plan was soon used across the country. Billings wrote many reports dealing with hospital administration and the training of hospital personnel. He served as medical adviser to the Hopkins estate trustees in which he played an important role in determining the organization, philosophy, and faculty of the Johns Hopkins Medical School.

	~~== Contributions ==~~		Billings supervised the compilation of statistics for the U.S. Censuses of 1880 and 1890. He influenced Hollerith in the development of punched card system using mechanical methods of calculation of vital statistics which were successfully used in the Census of 1890.

			Billing's plan was used when constructing the New York Public Library. While the library was being built, Billings headed the reclassification and recataloging of the books from the Astor, Lenox, and Tilden Foundations which were consolidated in 1895 to form the New York Public Library. He persuaded Carnegie to give $5 million to help fund the establishment of this library and its branches. For additional biographical information on Shaw, see: https://web.archive.org/web/20080704060023/http://www.medlib.iupui.edu/hom/billings.html


	hospital construction plans, hospital administration and ''Index Medicus''		hospital construction plans, hospital administration and ''Index Medicus''

Smith2: /* Further reading */

2025-02-01T19:48:20Z

Further reading

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	== Further reading ==		== Further reading ==
			*"John Shaw Billings." ''Wikipedia'' [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Shaw_Billings]
	*''John Shaw Billings centennial''. National Library of Medicine, 1965. [https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/001760429]		*''John Shaw Billings centennial''. National Library of Medicine, 1965. [https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/001760429]
	*Dain, Phyllis. "Billings, John Shaw (1838-1913)." ''Dictionary of American library biography'', ed. by Bohdan S. Wynar. Littleton, CO: Libraries Unlimited, 1978, pp 25-31. Cites further reading in detail.		*Dain, Phyllis. "Billings, John Shaw (1838-1913)." ''Dictionary of American library biography'', ed. by Bohdan S. Wynar. Littleton, CO: Libraries Unlimited, 1978, pp 25-31. Cites further reading in detail.
	*[[Fielding Hudson Garrison\|Garrison, Fielding H.]] ''John Shaw Billings, a memoir.'' New York: Putnam, 1915. Includes material by and about Billings.		*[[Fielding Hudson Garrison\|Garrison, Fielding H.]] ''John Shaw Billings, a memoir.'' New York: Putnam, 1915. Includes material by and about Billings.
	*Lydenberg, Harry M. ''John Shaw Billings.'' Chicago: American Library Association, 1924.		*Lydenberg, Harry M. ''John Shaw Billings.'' Chicago: American Library Association, 1924.
	See also works on the history of the New York Public Library.		See also works on the history of the National Library of Medicine and the New York Public Library.

	== Papers ==		== Papers ==

Smith2: /* Papers */

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Papers

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 == Papers ==
-'''LOCATION #1:''' National Library of Medicine, History of Medicine Division, Bethesda, MD.
+Numerous sources are listed by SNAC [https://snaccooperative.org/view/59452313]
+*National Library of Medicine, History of Medicine Division, Bethesda, MD. [https://findingaids.nlm.nih.gov/repositories/ammp/resources/billings81]
-* '''PAPERS DATES:'''1895-95
+*New York Public Library. John Shaw Billings papers, 1862-1913. MssCol 304. [ John Shaw Billings papers
+-1913]

Smith2: /* Further reading */

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Further reading

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	== Further reading ==		== Further reading ==
			*''John Shaw Billings centennial''. National Library of Medicine, 1965. [https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/001760429]
	*Dain, Phyllis. "Billings, John Shaw (1838-1913)." ''Dictionary of American library biography'', ed. by Bohdan S. Wynar. Littleton, CO: Libraries Unlimited, 1978, pp 25-31. Cites further reading in detail.		*Dain, Phyllis. "Billings, John Shaw (1838-1913)." ''Dictionary of American library biography'', ed. by Bohdan S. Wynar. Littleton, CO: Libraries Unlimited, 1978, pp 25-31. Cites further reading in detail.
	*[[Fielding Hudson Garrison\|Garrison, Fielding H.]] ''John Shaw Billings, a memoir.'' New York: Putnam, 1915. Includes material by and about Billings.		*[[Fielding Hudson Garrison\|Garrison, Fielding H.]] ''John Shaw Billings, a memoir.'' New York: Putnam, 1915. Includes material by and about Billings.

Smith2: /* Further reading */

2025-01-27T21:07:10Z

Further reading

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:07, 27 January 2025
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	== Further reading ==		== Further reading ==
	*Dain, Phyllis. "Billings, John Shaw (1838-1913)." ''Dictionary of American library biography, ed. by Bohdan S. Wynar. Littleton, CO: Libraries Unlimited, 1978, pp 25-31. Cites further reading in detail.		*Dain, Phyllis. "Billings, John Shaw (1838-1913)." ''Dictionary of American library biography'', ed. by Bohdan S. Wynar. Littleton, CO: Libraries Unlimited, 1978, pp 25-31. Cites further reading in detail.
	*[[Fielding Hudson Garrison\|Garrison, Fielding H.]]. ''John Shaw Billings, a memoir.'' New York: Putnam, 1915. Includes material by and about Billings.		*[[Fielding Hudson Garrison\|Garrison, Fielding H.]] ''John Shaw Billings, a memoir.'' New York: Putnam, 1915. Includes material by and about Billings.
	*Lydenberg, Harry M. ''John Shaw Billings.'' Chicago: American Library Association, 1924.		*Lydenberg, Harry M. ''John Shaw Billings.'' Chicago: American Library Association, 1924.
	See also works on the history of the New York Public Library.		See also works on the history of the New York Public Library.

Smith2: /* Selected Publications */

2025-01-27T21:04:40Z

Selected Publications

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:04, 27 January 2025
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	National Board of Health, Vice-chairman 1878; American Public Health Association, Pres. 1879.		National Board of Health, Vice-chairman 1878; American Public Health Association, Pres. 1879.
	== Selected ~~Publications~~ ==		== Publications ==
			*''Selected papers of John Shaw Billings, combined with a life of Billings.'' Comp. by [[Frank Bradway Rogers]]. Medical Library Association, 1965.

			== Further reading ==
			*Dain, Phyllis. "Billings, John Shaw (1838-1913)." ''Dictionary of American library biography, ed. by Bohdan S. Wynar. Littleton, CO: Libraries Unlimited, 1978, pp 25-31. Cites further reading in detail.
			*[[Fielding Hudson Garrison\|Garrison, Fielding H.]]. ''John Shaw Billings, a memoir.'' New York: Putnam, 1915. Includes material by and about Billings.
			*Lydenberg, Harry M. ''John Shaw Billings.'' Chicago: American Library Association, 1924.
			See also works on the history of the New York Public Library.

	== Papers ==		== Papers ==

Amandashelton: Added caption to photo; updated link

2023-09-22T07:48:02Z

Added caption to photo; updated link

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:48, 22 September 2023
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	[[File:Jsbillings-usa-photo.jpg\|thumb]]		[[File:Jsbillings-usa-photo.jpg\|thumb\|John Shaw Billings]]
	John Shaw Billings (1838-1913) supervised the compilation of statistics for the U.S. Censuses of 1880 and 1890. He influenced Hollerith in the development of punched card system using mechanical methods of calculation of vital statistics which were successfully used in the Census of 1890. Billing's plan was used when constructing the New York Public Library. While the library was being built, Billings headed the reclassification and recataloging of the books from the Astor, Lenox, and Tilden Foundations which were consolidated in 1895 to form the New York Public Library. He persuaded Carnegie to give $5 million to help fund the establishment of this library and its branches. For additional biographical information on Shaw see: ~~<nowiki>~~http://www.medlib.iupui.edu/hom/billings.html~~</nowiki>~~		John Shaw Billings (1838-1913) supervised the compilation of statistics for the U.S. Censuses of 1880 and 1890. He influenced Hollerith in the development of punched card system using mechanical methods of calculation of vital statistics which were successfully used in the Census of 1890. Billing's plan was used when constructing the New York Public Library. While the library was being built, Billings headed the reclassification and recataloging of the books from the Astor, Lenox, and Tilden Foundations which were consolidated in 1895 to form the New York Public Library. He persuaded Carnegie to give $5 million to help fund the establishment of this library and its branches. For additional biographical information on Shaw, see: https://web.archive.org/web/20080704060023/http://www.medlib.iupui.edu/hom/billings.html

	== Life ==		== Life ==
	Billings worked at: Anatomy Faculty, Medical College of Ohio 1860-1861; U.S. Army: In-hospital service as surgeon and medical statistician 1862-64; In charge of library of the surgeon-general's office 1865-1883; Curator of Medical Museum and Library 1884-1895; University of Pennsylvania: Hygiene Faculty 1891; Director, University Hospital 1893-1896; Director, New York Public Library 1896-1913; Chairman, Board of Directors, Carnegie Institution 1905-1913.		Billings worked at: Anatomy Faculty, Medical College of Ohio 1860-1861; U.S. Army: In-hospital service as surgeon and medical statistician 1862-64; In charge of library of the surgeon-general's office 1865-1883; Curator of Medical Museum and Library 1884-1895; University of Pennsylvania: Hygiene Faculty 1891; Director, University Hospital 1893-1896; Director, New York Public Library 1896-1913; Chairman, Board of Directors, Carnegie Institution 1905-1913.

	While he was in medical school and working on his thesis, Billings realized the need for a great medical library and the need for a comprehensive catalog and index of books, periodicals, journals, etc. He increased the size of the surgeon-general's library from 600 volumes in 1865 to 50,000 in 1873. He began ''Index Medicus'', a monthly guide to current medical literature, with Robert Fletcher in 1880 ~~which ran~~ 16 volumes by the time Billings retired from the library in 1895.		While he was in medical school and working on his thesis, Billings realized the need for a great medical library and the need for a comprehensive catalog and index of books, periodicals, journals, etc. He increased the size of the surgeon-general's library from 600 volumes in 1865 to 50,000 in 1873. He began ''Index Medicus'', a monthly guide to current medical literature, with Robert Fletcher in 1880. It included 16 volumes by the time Billings retired from the library in 1895.

	In 1873, he drafted plans for organization and construction of Johns Hopkins University Hospital and recommended the pavilion plan for the construction of the hospital. This type of plan was soon used across the country. Billings wrote many reports dealing with hospital administration and the training of hospital personnel. He served as medical adviser to the Hopkins estate trustees in which he played an important role in determining the organization, philosophy, and faculty of the Johns Hopkins Medical School.		In 1873, he drafted plans for organization and construction of Johns Hopkins University Hospital and recommended the pavilion plan for the construction of the hospital. This type of plan was soon used across the country. Billings wrote many reports dealing with hospital administration and the training of hospital personnel. He served as medical adviser to the Hopkins estate trustees in which he played an important role in determining the organization, philosophy, and faculty of the Johns Hopkins Medical School.

	== Contributions ==		== Contributions ==
	hospital construction plans, hospital administration and Index Medicus		hospital construction plans, hospital administration and ''Index Medicus''



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	* '''PAPERS DATES:''' 1861-1918		* '''PAPERS DATES:''' 1861-1918

	* '''SIZE:'''44 ft.		* '''SIZE:''' 44 ft.

	* '''INCLUDES:''' John Shaw Billings, papers, 1861-1918; Librarian and surgeon; Correspondence and papers relating to Billings' work with the US Army Medical Department (1861-95), Johns Hopkins Hospital (1873-90), National board of Health (1879-81), the 10th and 11th Census, University of Pennsylvania Hospital and Laboratory of Hygiene (1890-95), New York Public Library (1895-1913), Committee of 50 on the liquor problem (1893-1904), Carnegie Institution (1902-13), etc., family correspondence, including letter from Billings to his wife regarding his Civil War experiences; Lectures, addresses, notes, and miscellaneous papers; Correspondents include Alexander Agassiz, Alexander G. Bell, John Bigelow, Henry P. Bowditch, Henry C. Burdett, John L. Cadwalader, Andrew Carnegie, Melvil Dewey, Robert Fletcher, Francis Galton, Daniel Stephen Smith, and George Sternberg. (For additional information see the minutes of the library board and its committees.)		* '''INCLUDES:''' John Shaw Billings, papers, 1861-1918; Librarian and surgeon; Correspondence and papers relating to Billings' work with the US Army Medical Department (1861-95), Johns Hopkins Hospital (1873-90), National board of Health (1879-81), the 10th and 11th Census, University of Pennsylvania Hospital and Laboratory of Hygiene (1890-95), New York Public Library (1895-1913), Committee of 50 on the liquor problem (1893-1904), Carnegie Institution (1902-13), etc., family correspondence, including letter from Billings to his wife regarding his Civil War experiences; Lectures, addresses, notes, and miscellaneous papers; Correspondents include Alexander Agassiz, Alexander G. Bell, John Bigelow, Henry P. Bowditch, Henry C. Burdett, John L. Cadwalader, Andrew Carnegie, Melvil Dewey, Robert Fletcher, Francis Galton, Daniel Stephen Smith, and George Sternberg. (For additional information see the minutes of the library board and its committees.)