Herbert Haviland Field: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 18:57, 30 March 2025

Herbert Haviland Field (1868-1921), an American zoologist, founded the Concilium Bibliographicum.

Life

Herbert Haviland Field was born in Brooklyn on April 25, 1868. He studied zoology at Harvard University and earned a PhD in 1893. He then traveled to Europe for further studies. Committed to social idealism and international peace, he dedicated himself to improving bibliographical access to biological literature and founded the Concilium Bibliographicum in Zurich, Switzerland, in 1895. [1]

World War I cut the Concilium Bibliographicum off from sources and customers, so Field spent the war working for the Quaker’s relief agency in Europe. He also worked as an intelligence asset for the United States under Allen Dulles who later headed the Central Intelligence Agency. He died on April 4, 1921, in Zurich.

Contributions

Field created the Concilium Bibliographicum, which was initially financed from personal and family funds. He aimed at completeness of coverage in all languages and precise classification using the Universal Decimal Classification, but did not include abstracts. Card files were copied and mailed to subscribers. Although he was unable to make his service financially self-sustaining, by 1903 some 13,000,000 cards had been sent to over 600 subscribers. The Concilium Bibliographicum struggled after Field's death and the impact of World War II led to its termination. [2]

Field collaborated with Paul Otlet at the International Institute for Bibliography in Brussels and helped to develop the Zoology section of the Universal Decimal Classification. He also persuaded Otlet to adopt the 75mm x 125mm card standard.

After World War I, Field aided the new League of Nations’ efforts to rebuild the world’s science information systems.

Publications

Burke's Illustrative Bibliography, Information and Intrigue and Related Volumes (2018) lists 29 publications. [3]

"Bemerkungen über die Entwicklung der Wirbelsäule bei den Amphibien; nebst Schilderung eines abnormen Wirbelsegmentes." [Remarks on the development of the spine in amphibians; including a description of an abnormal vertebral segment]. Morphologisches Jahrbüch 22 (1895): 340-356.
"An International Zoological Record." Nature 47, no. 1226 (1893): 606-607. [4]
"Bibliographical Reform and the Zoological Record." Natural Science: a Monthly Review of Scientific Progress 6 (1895): 333-5.
"The New Bibliography Bureau for Zoology." Science NS 2, no 34 (August, 1895): 234-237.
"The Work of the Concilium Bibliographicum." The American Naturalist 32 384 (Dec. 1898): 925-928.
"Progress of the Concilium Bibliographicum." Science NS 19, 490 (May 20, 1904): 802-5.
"A brief account of the foundation of the Concilium Bibliographicum." Annotationes Concilii Bibliographici 3 (1907): 1-5.

Papers

Hoover Institution Library and Archives (Stanford, CA). Diary and reports relating to political and economic conditions in Bavaria. [8]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-Herbert Haviland Field (1868-1921) founded and operated one of the largest science information services on the early twentieth century, the Concilium Bibliographicum. He also undertook intelligence work for Allen Dulles during the First World War.
+'''Herbert Haviland Field''' (1868-1921), an American zoologist, founded the Concilium Bibliographicum.
+[[File:Field.jpg|thumb|Herbert Haviland Field]]
 == Life ==
-Born in Brooklyn on April 25, 1868, the same year as his rival and collaborator Paul Otlet, Herbert Field was a gifted zoologist and a Quaker idealist. An early recipient of a Harvard Ph.D he also received French and German doctoral degrees. Committed to social idealism and international peace, he dedicated himself to improving bibliographical access to biological literature and founded the Concilium Bibliographicum in Zurich, Switzerland, in 1895, the same year Paul Otlet and Henri LaFontaine founded the International Institute for Bibliography in Brussels, Belgium. Herbert Field married Nina Eschwege, a British woman of German descent, and they had four children, two of whom, Noel and Hermann, became famous for their connections with Communist espionage activity and for being kidnapped by Soviet intelligence in 1949 and held captive for some five years as they were used as sources for the bloody purges in the Soviet bloc.
+'''Herbert Haviland Field''' was born in Brooklyn on April 25, 1868. He studied zoology at Harvard University and earned a PhD in 1893. He then traveled to Europe for further studies. Committed to social idealism and international peace, he dedicated himself to improving bibliographical access to biological literature and founded the Concilium Bibliographicum in Zurich, Switzerland, in 1895. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concilium_Bibliographicum]
-At the Concilium Bibliographicum, initially financed from his personal and his family’s funds, Field aimed at completeness of coverage in all languages, precise classification using the Universal Decimal Classification, card files, but no abstracts, which were copied and mailed to subscribers. Although he was unable to make his service financially self-sustaining, by the 1903 some 13,000,000 cards had been sent to over 600 subscribers.
+World War I cut the Concilium Bibliographicum off from sources and customers, so Field spent the war working for the Quaker’s relief agency in Europe. He also worked as an intelligence asset for the United States under Allen Dulles who later headed the Central Intelligence Agency. He died on April 4, 1921, in Zurich.
-Field died of the influenza on April 04, 1921, in Zurich Switzerland. The Concilium Bibliographicum continued with great difficulties until it closed in 1940 amid wartime difficulties and both it and Field were almost completely forgotten.
+== Contributions ==
+Field created the Concilium Bibliographicum, which was initially financed from personal and family funds. He aimed at completeness of coverage in all languages and precise classification using the Universal Decimal Classification, but did not include abstracts. Card files were copied and mailed to subscribers. Although he was unable to make his service financially self-sustaining, by 1903 some 13,000,000 cards had been sent to over 600 subscribers. The Concilium Bibliographicum struggled after Field's death and the impact of World War II led to its termination. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concilium_Bibliographicum]
-See also Concilium Bibliographicum.
+Field collaborated with Paul Otlet at the International Institute for Bibliography in Brussels and helped to develop the Zoology section of the Universal Decimal Classification. He also persuaded Otlet to adopt the 75mm x 125mm card standard.
-===== Source =====
+After World War I, Field aided the new League of Nations’ efforts to rebuild the world’s science information systems.
-The only accessible source is the detailed account by Colin B. Burke. Information and intrigue: From index cards to Dewey Decimals to Alger Hiss. MIT Press, 2014.
-Additional sources are listed on Colin Burke’s website <nowiki>http://userpages.umbc.edu/~burke/</nowiki>
+== Publications ==
+Burke's ''Illustrative Bibliography, Information and Intrigue and Related Volumes'' (2018) lists 29 publications. [http://userpages.umbc.edu/~burke/fieldbib716pdf.pdf]
-with an extensive bibliography at <nowiki>http://userpages.umbc.edu/~burke/fieldbib716pdf.pdf</nowiki>
+*"Bemerkungen über die Entwicklung der Wirbelsäule bei den Amphibien; nebst Schilderung eines abnormen Wirbelsegmentes." [Remarks on the development of the spine in amphibians; including a description of an abnormal vertebral segment]. ''Morphologisches Jahrbüch'' 22 (1895): 340-356.
+*"An International Zoological Record." ''Nature'' 47, no. 1226 (1893): 606-607. [https://www.nature.com/articles/047606d0]
-== Contributions ==
+*"Bibliographical Reform and the Zoological Record." ''Natural Science: a Monthly Review of Scientific Progress'' 6 (1895): 333-5.
-Concilium Bibliographicum and Intelligence work for World War 1.
+*"The New Bibliography Bureau for Zoology." ''Science'' NS 2, no 34 (August, 1895): 234-237.
+*"The Work of the Concilium Bibliographicum." ''The American Naturalist'' 32 384 (Dec. 1898): 925-928.
+*"Progress of the Concilium Bibliographicum." ''Science'' NS 19, 490 (May 20, 1904): 802-5.
+*"A brief account of the foundation of the Concilium Bibliographicum." ''Annotationes Concilii Bibliographici'' 3 (1907): 1-5.
-== Selected Publications ==
+== Further reading ==
+*Burke, Colin B. ''Information and intrigue: From index cards to Dewey Decimals to Alger Hiss''. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2014. A detailed biography.
+*Burke, Colin B. ''Illustrative Bibliography, Information and Intrigue and Related Volumes''. May 2018. [http://userpages.umbc.edu/~burke/fieldbib716pdf.pdf]
+*Kupper, Patrick. "'Verschollen in den Alpen': Herbert Haviland Fields bibliografische Reform". ['Lost in the Alps': Herbert Haviland Field's bibliographic reform]. In: Kupper, Patrick; Schär, Bernhard C. (eds.). ''Die Naturforschenden: Auf der Suche nach Wissen über die Schweiz und die Welt 1800–2015''. Baden, Switzerland: Hier und Jetzt, 2015, pp. 103–119.
+*Burke, Colin B. & M. K. Buckland. "Herbert Haviland Field (1868–1921): Bibliographer of Zoology." ''Bulletin of the Association for Information Science and Technology'' 42, no 6 (2016): 10-14. [https://asistdl.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bul2.2016.1720420605]
+*Buckland, Michael K. & C. B. Burke. "Precise zoological information: The Concilium Bibliographicum". ''Bulletin of the Association for Information Science and Technology'' 42, no 6 (2016): 15–19. [https://asistdl.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bul2.2016.1720420606]
+*Rayward, W. B. ''The universe of information: The work of Paul Otlet for documentation and international organisation''. Moscow: FID. (FID 520)
 == Papers ==
+*Hoover Institution Library and Archives (Stanford, CA). Diary and reports relating to political and economic conditions in Bavaria. [https://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/kt0m3nd5jn/entire_text/]